Mathematical modelling of Echinococcus multilocularis abundance in foxes in Zurich, Switzerland
Identifieur interne : 000000 ( Main/Exploration ); suivant : 000001Mathematical modelling of Echinococcus multilocularis abundance in foxes in Zurich, Switzerland
Auteurs : Belen Otero-Abad [Suisse] ; Simon R. Rüegg [Suisse] ; Daniel Hegglin [Suisse] ; Peter Deplazes [Suisse] ; Paul R. Torgerson [Suisse]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
In Europe, the red fox (
By developing and comparing different transmission models we characterised the spatio-temporal variation of the infection pressure, in terms of numbers of parasites that foxes acquired after exposure per unit time, in foxes in Zurich (Switzerland). These included the variations in infection pressure with age of fox and season and the possible regulating effect of herd immunity on parasite abundance.
The model fitting best to the observed data supported the existence of spatial and seasonal differences in infection pressure and the absence of parasite-induced host immunity. The periodic infection pressure had different amplitudes across urbanization zones with higher peaks during autumn and winter. In addition, the model indicated the existence of variations in infection pressure among age groups in foxes from the periurban zone.
These heterogeneities in infection exposure have strong implications for the implementation of targeted control interventions to lower the intensity of environmental contamination with parasite eggs and, ultimately, the infection risk to humans.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1951-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1951-1
PubMed: 28077161
PubMed Central: 5225524
Affiliations:
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Rüegg</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hegglin, Daniel" sort="Hegglin, Daniel" uniqKey="Hegglin D" first="Daniel" last="Hegglin">Daniel Hegglin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deplazes, Peter" sort="Deplazes, Peter" uniqKey="Deplazes P" first="Peter" last="Deplazes">Peter Deplazes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torgerson, Paul R" sort="Torgerson, Paul R" uniqKey="Torgerson P" first="Paul R." last="Torgerson">Paul R. 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Rüegg</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hegglin, Daniel" sort="Hegglin, Daniel" uniqKey="Hegglin D" first="Daniel" last="Hegglin">Daniel Hegglin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deplazes, Peter" sort="Deplazes, Peter" uniqKey="Deplazes P" first="Peter" last="Deplazes">Peter Deplazes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torgerson, Paul R" sort="Torgerson, Paul R" uniqKey="Torgerson P" first="Paul R." last="Torgerson">Paul R. Torgerson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Section for Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>In Europe, the red fox (<italic>Vulpes vulpes</italic>) is the main definitive host of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis</italic>, the aetiological agent of a severe disease in humans called alveolar echinococcosis. The distribution of this zoonotic parasite among the fox population is remarkably aggregated with few heavily infected animals harbouring much of the parasite burdens and being responsible for most of the environmental parasitic egg contamination. Important research questions explored were: (i) spatial differences in parasite infection pressure related to the level of urbanization; (ii) temporal differences in parasite infection pressure in relation to time of the year; (iii) is herd immunity or an age-dependent infection pressure responsible for the observed parasite abundance; (iv) assuming <italic>E. multilocularis</italic> infection is a clumped process, how many parasites results from a regular infection insult.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>By developing and comparing different transmission models we characterised the spatio-temporal variation of the infection pressure, in terms of numbers of parasites that foxes acquired after exposure per unit time, in foxes in Zurich (Switzerland). These included the variations in infection pressure with age of fox and season and the possible regulating effect of herd immunity on parasite abundance.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The model fitting best to the observed data supported the existence of spatial and seasonal differences in infection pressure and the absence of parasite-induced host immunity. The periodic infection pressure had different amplitudes across urbanization zones with higher peaks during autumn and winter. In addition, the model indicated the existence of variations in infection pressure among age groups in foxes from the periurban zone.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>These heterogeneities in infection exposure have strong implications for the implementation of targeted control interventions to lower the intensity of environmental contamination with parasite eggs and, ultimately, the infection risk to humans.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1951-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, J" uniqKey="Eckert J">J Eckert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deplazes, P" uniqKey="Deplazes P">P Deplazes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Craig, P" uniqKey="Craig P">P 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uniqKey="Staubach C">C Staubach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thulke, Hh" uniqKey="Thulke H">HH Thulke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziller, M" uniqKey="Ziller M">M Ziller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conraths, Fj" uniqKey="Conraths F">FJ Conraths</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsukada, H" uniqKey="Tsukada H">H Tsukada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamazaki, K" uniqKey="Hamazaki K">K Hamazaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ganzorig, S" uniqKey="Ganzorig S">S Ganzorig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iwaki, T" uniqKey="Iwaki T">T Iwaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konno, K" uniqKey="Konno K">K Konno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lagapa, Jt" uniqKey="Lagapa J">JT Lagapa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hegglin, D" uniqKey="Hegglin D">D Hegglin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, Pi" uniqKey="Ward P">PI Ward</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deplazes, P" uniqKey="Deplazes P">P Deplazes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hegglin, D" uniqKey="Hegglin D">D Hegglin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deplazes, P" uniqKey="Deplazes P">P Deplazes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Zurich</li></region><settlement><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Zurich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Otero Abad, Belen" sort="Otero Abad, Belen" uniqKey="Otero Abad B" first="Belen" last="Otero-Abad">Belen Otero-Abad</name></region><name sortKey="Deplazes, Peter" sort="Deplazes, Peter" uniqKey="Deplazes P" first="Peter" last="Deplazes">Peter Deplazes</name><name sortKey="Hegglin, Daniel" sort="Hegglin, Daniel" uniqKey="Hegglin D" first="Daniel" last="Hegglin">Daniel Hegglin</name><name sortKey="Ruegg, Simon R" sort="Ruegg, Simon R" uniqKey="Ruegg S" first="Simon R." last="Rüegg">Simon R. Rüegg</name><name sortKey="Torgerson, Paul R" sort="Torgerson, Paul R" uniqKey="Torgerson P" first="Paul R." last="Torgerson">Paul R. Torgerson</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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